(Source; balitravels.org) Balinese have a very well organized and complex social & agricultural community which rooted in the Subak (farmers community) and Banjar (general social) organizations.
Everyone who owns paddy terrace must join the Subak community in their village, since basically this Subak assumes control over all aspect of paddy plantation planning.
Subak ensures that all of their farmers obtain a fair share of irrigation. Traditionally the head of Subak is appointed from a farmer whose fields are at the feet of the hill, thus irrigation will first pass through all other members’ fields prior to irrigate his own.
Yet another important corporate group is the agricultural society, or subak, each of which corresponds to a section of wet-rice paddies. Each subak is not only a congregation of members who are jointly responsible for sacrificing at a temple placed in the center of this group of rice paddies, but also a unit that organizes the flow of water, planting, and harvesting. Since fifty or more societies sometimes tap into a common stream of water for the irrigation of their land, complex coordination of planting and harvesting schedules is required. This complexity arises because each subak has become independent of all the others. Although the government has attempted periodically to take control of the irrigation schedule, these efforts have produced mixed results, leading to a movement in the early 1990s to return the authority for the agricultural schedule to the traditional and highly successful interlocking subak arrangement.
The very complexity of Balinese social organization has provided it with the flexibility to adapt to the pressures of modern life and its requirements for the accumulation, distribution, and mobilization of capital and technological resources. Although the Balinese remain self-consciously “traditional,” they have been neither rigid in that tradition nor resistant to change.
Everyone who owns paddy terrace must join the Subak community in their village, since basically this Subak assumes control over all aspect of paddy plantation planning.
Subak ensures that all of their farmers obtain a fair share of irrigation. Traditionally the head of Subak is appointed from a farmer whose fields are at the feet of the hill, thus irrigation will first pass through all other members’ fields prior to irrigate his own.
Yet another important corporate group is the agricultural society, or subak, each of which corresponds to a section of wet-rice paddies. Each subak is not only a congregation of members who are jointly responsible for sacrificing at a temple placed in the center of this group of rice paddies, but also a unit that organizes the flow of water, planting, and harvesting. Since fifty or more societies sometimes tap into a common stream of water for the irrigation of their land, complex coordination of planting and harvesting schedules is required. This complexity arises because each subak has become independent of all the others. Although the government has attempted periodically to take control of the irrigation schedule, these efforts have produced mixed results, leading to a movement in the early 1990s to return the authority for the agricultural schedule to the traditional and highly successful interlocking subak arrangement.
The very complexity of Balinese social organization has provided it with the flexibility to adapt to the pressures of modern life and its requirements for the accumulation, distribution, and mobilization of capital and technological resources. Although the Balinese remain self-consciously “traditional,” they have been neither rigid in that tradition nor resistant to change.
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